@article{GENERAL,
      author = {Ros, JA and Monteiro, JGMS and van den Akker, JT and  Summer, K and Doedée, V and Skylogianni, E and Linders,  MJG},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/7700},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      title = {Post-combustion Carbon Capture and Storage on LNG Fuelled  Ships},
      abstract = {Post-combustion CO2 capture by absorption is a mature  technology that has been implemented in many industrial  applications to decrease CO2 emissions from large point  sources. As demonstrated in this work, the CO2 capture  process can be implemented onboard as a retrofit  technology, thus enabling timely implementation; a key  element for the maritime industry to reach 50% reduction of  CO2 emissions before 2050.<br>
The approach illustrated  here discusses implementation of CO2 capture on liquefied  natural gas (LNG) fuelled ships. While CO2 capture can be  implemented onboard regardless of the fuel used, LNG  fuelled ships offer an advantage in terms of heat  integration, which leads to significant cost reduction. The  heat of the exhaust gas can be used in the capture process,  and the cooling capacity of the liquid LNG can be used to  liquefy the produced CO2. The former eliminates the need  for a heat source for CO2 capture, and the latter can  decrease the compressor costs, greatly decreasing the  overall cost of CO2 capture.<br>
Two consortia (CO2ASTS and  DerisCO2) have been built to explore this technological  pathway further. The CO2ASTS consortium has researched  implementation of CO2 capture with the mono-ethanolamine  (MEA) solvent on three LNG fuelled ships: (1) 1.05 MW  sea-river vessel, (2) 7.6 MW dredger vessel and (3) 36 MW  cruise ship. Capture costs of 301, 115 and 154 €/ton  CO2 have been found respectively, which are mainly  determined by equipment costs. The DerisCO2 project is  aimed at closing the knowledge gaps and proposing a  strategy for lowering the CO2 avoidance costs. This is done  by optimizing the solvent system and evaluating the effect  of ship movement on the capture efficiency. A high pressure  CO2 stripping concept is proposed using aqueous ammonia  (NH3) as capture solvent to further decrease the equipment  costs. While this work is ongoing, the next step for this  technology – prototyping on board – is  currently discussed.<br>
Next to CO2 capture, attention has  to be given to methane slip from LNG engines, as this could  limit the positive climate effects of mitigating CO2  emissions. From a gas treatment perspective, (catalytic)  methane oxidation technologies could convert the methane to  CO2 and could therefore be implemented together with CO2  capture downstream. Future projects on CO2 capture on LNG  fuelled},
      number = {GENERAL},
      recid = {7700},
      address = {2020-10-05},
}