@article{GENERAL,
      author = {de Keijzer, C and Wagenaar, R and Koppen, E},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/7682},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      title = {Hybrid propulsion control with enhanced lever haptics},
      abstract = {During the last decade, hybrid propulsion is proven as an  upcoming method to save fuel onboard of vessels. Especially  parallel drives with a diesel-engine and an electric  machine with a DC electric network under power management  system (PMS) control is of interest. Although fuel saving  and emission reductions of seagoing vessels are achieved,  the safety of manoeuvring must remain priority. Under all  circumstances the master must be certain that the demanded  thrusts are achieved from the selected station-in-control.  For hybrid propulsion so far, much emphasis has been put on  PMS from rule-based, via linear programming to grey wolf  methods. However, the impact of the human factors on safety  of manoeuvring the vessel has not yet attracted much  interest. In most cases various modes of operation are  selectable via touch-screens.<br>
This paper introduces a  method for power management and propulsion mode selection  by the use of the propulsion levers with haptic feedback.  Instead of touch-screens, the levers, in conjunction with  the measured speed-through-water and other variables, are  used to estimate the required propulsion load. An advanced  rule-based PMS system is used to set the required generator  loads and to control the charging and discharging of the  batteries. The PMS system uses the lever-based power  estimation. Via force feedback and vibration of the  lever-in-control, the master is informed about the  machinery state and starting / stopping sequences. The  lever-in-control can be at various stations. All devices,  including rudders and other manoeuvring enhancing devices  are under a single control transfer  regime.<br>
Furthermore, this paper describes and analyses  the safety benefits of intuitive control inputs and  machinery state feedback on base of tactile feedback. For  the transit mode it is shown, that more fuel-saving is  possible by using the power / reversing levers for the load  prediction, compared to only using PMS with conventional  mode selection. In harbour mode the emphasis is on  achieving the required thrusts and yaw moments as fast as  possible and in the most efficient way.},
      number = {GENERAL},
      recid = {7682},
      address = {2020-10-05},
}