@article{GENERAL,
      author = {Tol, R S and Linden, Ir Y},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/7580},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      title = {Effect of Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels on marine diesel  engines compared to F-76},
      abstract = {With increasingly stringent emission regulations and  evergrowing concern for the environment and human welfare,  alternatives for distillate marine diesel oil are becoming  more widely available. The Dutch department of Defence has  committed itself to reduce the production of carbon dioxide  due to burning fossil fuel by 70% in 2050 (compared to  2010). GTL is a liquid fuel produced from natural gas and  manufacturers claim cleaner combustion. Measurements have  been taken from a 360kW Marine diesel engine over the  engine envelope to compare the combustion performance of  GTL against F-76, a NATO-standard DMA.<br>
We found that  combustion started earlier for GTL compared to F-76. The  heat release rate, calculated using a single-zone  combustion model, showed a more graduate heat release for  GTL, resulting in a lower peak pressure and spatially  averaged cylinder temperatures.<br>
The engine’s  overall efficiency showed an increase of up to 0.5%, while  emissions of NOX reduced by more than 9%. Despite the  higher efficiency and GTL’s 3.5% higher caloric  value, the operating range of vessels is expected to  decrease by 4% due to the 8% lower density of GTL.},
      number = {GENERAL},
      recid = {7580},
      address = {2018-10-02},
}