@article{GENERAL,
      recid = {7561},
      author = {Geertsma, Cdr (E) dr. ir. and Krijgsman, ir. M},
      title = {Alternative fuels and power systems to reduce  environmental impact of support vessels},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of MECSS},
      address = {2019-07-02},
      number = {GENERAL},
      abstract = {The Netherlands Ministry of Defence have declared the  ambition to reduce its fossil fuel dependency by at least  20% in 2030 and by at least 70% in 2050. For the Royal  Netherlands Navy (RNLN), these targets seem more stringent  than the initial strategy on greenhouse gas reduction for  ships agreed by IMO, which aims for 50% reduction in total  annual global shipping emission by 2050. The RNLN is  currently investigating the replacement of a series of  support vessels, 5 ships between 1000 and 2000 tons that  perform hydrographic, submarine exercise support, civil  support and seamanship training operations. These vessels  perform support operations, are not volume critical in  their design and have a limited mission duration of 2 to 3  weeks, and thus seem good candidates for alternative fuels  and alternative power systems, such as fuel cells and  batteries, that have emissions with a minimum impact on the  environment.

This study presents a novel approach to  compare various alternative energy carrier and power system  options with the Ships Power and Energy Concept (SPEC)  exploration tool. We first introduce the baseline vessel  and introduce the various fuels and technologies  considered. We consider marine diesel oil as a baseline and  alternative energy carriers hydrogen, methanol or ammonia  and batteries. We review the fuels, their current and  future availability and their impact on the environment.  Moreover, we review the power system technologies,  considering diesel generators running on marine diesel oil,  methanol, ammonia or dimethyl ether, fuel cells running on  hydrogen or methanol and batteries as the only power  supply, recharged when ashore. Furthermore, we review power  system designs with the combinations of fuel and power  supply identified above and will consider: the mass and  volume of the power system configurations and energy  storage, fuel or batteries; the estimated capital and  operational expenditure; technology readiness level;  logistic availability of the fuel; and the estimated yearly  CO2 emissions. Electrical propulsion with electrical power  supply from internal combustion engines running on methanol  appears a mature and cost-effective candidate to achieve  the reduction target of 70% reduction in CO2 emission and  its related dependancy on fossil fuels, with a 10% increase  in capital cost and double fuel cost.},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/7561},
}