@article{GENERAL,
      recid = {11203},
      author = {Sakellaridis, N and Meijn, GJ and Boonen, EJ},
      title = {Optimization of Propulsion Layout & Energy Management  System for Future Marine Powertrains using Co-Design},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      address = {2024-11-05},
      number = {GENERAL},
      abstract = {Marine energy systems are rapidly evolving, following the  demand for decarbonization and increased energy efficiency.  Design options are ever expanding due to an increased  degree of electrification, inclusion of energy storage  systems, novel energy converters such as fuel cells and  dual- fuel engines, and alternative fuels such as hydrogen,  methanol, or ammonia. These increasingly complex layouts  also necessitate the development of accompanying energy  management systems to orchestrate the operation and power  split between different sources in an optimal  fashion.
Design of such systems is increasingly supported  by simulation and optimization methods. Optimization  criteria can vary depending on the intended vessel mission  and most frequently include metrics such as; energy  efficiency/range optimization, OPEX/CAPEX minimization,  system health, and uptime considerations. The need for  these methods is further emphasized by the characteristics  of new energy converters and storage systems, considering  the in-use degradation of battery and fuel cell systems,  increased footprint required to place these systems, (early  adopter) cost,  and the reduced energy content of  alternative fuels.
In the current paper a methodology is  explored for co-design of the energy system together with  the energy management in an integrated and optimal fashion.  The testcase considered is that of a fast ferry operating  on H2 powered by a PEM fuel cell. The benefits are compared  with traditional design approaches, in which either the  system layout or energy management logic is optimized, in  order to quantify the added benefit of integrated  design.
While the testcase for this methodology is a  commercial vessel, the methodology is designed to be  generally applicable and may also strongly benefit the  design of complex naval vessels. While it is unlikely that  naval vessels will adopt hydrogen as a primary fuel, it can  become a part of the energy sources onboard to supply  smaller (unmanned) assets (UXVs) or to run fuel cells in  support of low-signature operation. Using co-design to  optimize towards metrics such as footprint or system health  is vital to integrate these novel energy systems and  guarantee their effectiveness in future marine  powertrains.},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/11203},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.24868/11203},
}