@article{GENERAL,
      recid = {11202},
      author = {Appelstroem, L and Tengner, T and Krattiger, H},
      title = {Selecting and validating Li-Ion Battery Energy Storage  Systems for Surface Combatants with DC Power Distribution},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      address = {2024-11-05},
      number = {GENERAL},
      abstract = {Increasingly, Surface Combatants are adopting Electrical  Direct Current DC Power Distribution technology, and  feature distributed power generation and energy storage.  

Direct Current DC Power Distribution supplies power for  mission, propulsion, and hotel loads, while meeting the  survivability requirements of naval applications.  

Retaining a certain amount of energy storage in those  systems is critical to support the highly dynamic loads and  system reconfiguration requirements of naval applications,  and the Direct Current DC Power Distribution does this all  while performing at significantly higher fuel efficiencies  than conventionally powered vessels. Furthermore, energy  storage technology selection is a holistic process, and  safety characteristics of Li-ion batteries are a major  concern for Navies.

This paper first establishes the need  for DC power distribution systems based on the advanced  power requirements of current surface combatants.  Then, it  derives the energy storage characteristics, such as power,  energy, cycling, size, weight, and cost for these  vessels.

The paper then explores the structured process  that establishes criteria and evaluates the different  aspects of the available technologies.
As part of this  process, the safety aspects will be described holistically  from battery chemistry to cooling methods to FIFI and  battery room demands. This process presents the energy  storage technology selected for NATO Surface Combatants,  and this technology is now being utilized on several  Surface Combatants currently under construction within NATO  Europe.},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/11202},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.24868/11202},
}