@article{GENERAL,
      recid = {11192},
      author = {Abbas, Y},
      title = {Improving Energy Efficiency of HVAC Systems on Navy Ships},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      address = {2024-11-05},
      number = {GENERAL},
      abstract = {The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)  system's function on a Navy ship is to provide the required  ventilation, heating, and cooling to the occupants and  equipment on board. HVAC systems for Navy ships are  designed to operate in areas that are diverse and extreme  in their ambient environmental conditions, from sub-Arctic  winter conditions to humid, hot coastal desert conditions.  The HVAC system is sized for these extreme conditions,  resulting in oversized systems for the more moderate  environments these ships mostly encounter throughout the  year. This leads to low efficiency, high energy  consumption, and increased CO2 emissions.
This paper  proposes options for improving the energy efficiency of  HVAC systems by incorporating on-demand air conditioning,  free cooling, energy recovery, and the use of more  efficient chilled water plants. 
On-demand variable airflow  control is utilized to regulate the temperature and airflow  in each compartment by automatically controlling dampers in  supply and exhaust ducts, based on occupancy profiles and  CO2 levels. In conjunction with this, variable-speed fans  react and lower the fan speed, thereby reducing electrical  consumption.
A variable chilled water system equipped with  a magnetic bearing variable-speed chilled water plants  contributes to a considerable reduction in energy  consumption under moderate ambient conditions. Energy  recovery is implemented in the ventilation system to  transfer heat and humidity between the HVAC system exhaust  and the fresh air inlet. Engine waste heat is harnessed to  provide heat to the hot water system through plate heat  exchangers, resulting in significant energy savings and  increased system efficiency.
Finally, an HVAC system model  simulation for Arrowhead 140 is used as a case study to  quantify the energy savings and reduction in CO2 emissions  after implementing the proposed system efficiency  improvements.},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/11192},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.24868/11192},
}