In response to the escalating challenge of climate change, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a groundbreaking strategy in 2018 during its 72nd Maritime Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) session. This strategy, aligning with the Paris Agreement Goals of 2015, marked a significant step in IMO's commitment to curbing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. The IMO's initial GHG strategy aimed to cut emissions by 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 and to ultimately phase out emissions entirely. The revised strategy, adopted in 2023, calls for reaching net-zero GHG emissions by around 2050 and sets "indicative checkpoints" for reducing total GHG emissions by 20% (striving for 30%) by 2030 and 70% (striving for 80%) by 2040. The urgency of this mission was further underscored by IMO's 2020 finding of a 9.6% increase in shipping GHG emissions, driven largely by the growth in global maritime trade. This increase, along with the recognition that existing energy-saving technologies and ship speed reduction alone are insufficient to meet the 2050 target, necessitates a deeper exploration into alternative solutions. To address this need, this study conducted an extensive literature review and analysing of articles published from 2018 to 2023 on various technologies currently available in the market in addressing the reduction of GHG from vessels. This survey serves not only to gauge the current landscape of technological advancements but also acts as a quantitative decision-making supporting tool for selecting appropriate technologies under various operational conditions. To provide a structured framework for analysis, technologies are classified into four categories—those utilizing fossil fuel, renewable energy, fuel cells, and low-carbon/alternative fuels. Utilizing resources like Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar, this study aims to elucidate the maturity and effectiveness of these technologies in reducing GHG emissions from ships. Additionally, it seeks to identify clear research gaps and propose a comprehensive, actionable strategy that contributes to the global effort against climate change. The anticipated results of this study are expected to offer valuable insights for stakeholders in the maritime sector, paving the way for informed decision-making and strategic planning towards a more sustainable and eco-friendly shipping industry.