In this review paper we explore the advancements and challenges in maritime communication systems. Traditional maritime communication methods, such as high-frequency (HF), very-high-frequency (VHF), and satellite communications, are increasingly insufficient due to their limited bandwidth and high costs. These limitations necessitate the adoption of advanced communication technologies like Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), and Software-Defined Radios (SDRs). We highlight the potential of cognitive radio technology and cooperative networking to dynamically utilize underutilized frequency bands and enhance network performance through node collaboration. These technologies aim to provide robust, scalable communication solutions adaptable to the challenging maritime environment. Despite advancements, challenges such as network scalability, latency management, data security, and the dynamic nature of maritime environments persist. Here we review recent developments in maritime communication, focusing on the implementation and performance of ad hoc wireless networks, SDRs, and integrated network architectures. The paper emphasizes the importance of adaptive routing protocols, efficient network formation, robust hardware integration, and continuous monitoring. In conclusion, the integration of cognitive and cooperative technologies offers promising solutions for enhancing maritime communication, but ongoing research and development are essential to address remaining challenges and optimize these systems for real-world applications.