@article{Maintaining:11071,
      author = {Beard, T and Drywood, T},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/11071},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of EAAW},
      title = {Maintaining Capability & Freedom to Manoeuvre with a  Net Zero Navy},
      abstract = {The need to reach Net Zero means that navies will  eventually have to change fuel type. The ever-tightening  restrictions and the court of public opinion will mean that  the defence dispensation will ultimately not be applicable.  However, the change in fuel brings with it various concerns  that need to be overcome, especially for Survivability,  Operability and Availability. The many options for  alternative fuel, excluding nuclear, are all less energy  dense and as such would impact on range and possibly  capability. Capability is an area that should be impacted  as a last resort, especially when considering the  increasing technological landscape of both weapons and  threats. Survivability can only be overcome by the choice  of fuel, however Operability and Availability are within  control. Taking ownership of fuel production would mitigate  against both aspects, and offer military advantage at all  levels of operations; from Grand Strategic to Tactical. The  use of strategically located Floating Nuclear Production  Ships (FNPSs), in international waters, would provide an at  sea capability that means there is a reduced reliance on  ports for fuel. Rethinking the well to wake pipeline and  managing this entire chain organically offers significant  advantages to both nation states and military planners and  operators. Steady state and surge capacity, in both  peacetime and war, offers freedom to manoeuvre for nations  and their allies. Furthermore, by using ships rather than  static structures the capability provides the potential to  join a carrier strike group, thus increasing the total  range and providing greater resilience of the fleet.},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.24868/11071},
      recid = {11071},
      address = {2023-11-29},
}