@article{Specification:10684,
      author = {Langley, I and Todd, A},
      url = {http://library.imarest.org/record/10684},
      journal = {Conference Proceedings of INEC},
      title = {Life Cycle Assessment of Dieso to F-76 Specification in a  UK Naval Context for the Purpose of Comparison with  Alternative Fuels},
      abstract = {The IMO has stated its intention to reduce maritime carbon  emissions by 50% by the year 2050. An ambitious target,  this presents an opportunity and need for acknowledging the  lifetime impact of marine fuels for meaningful comparisons  between alternative fuels. This study attempts to produce  such an assessment in the context of naval marine fuel oil  from well-to-tank. It focusses on the impact of receiving  crude oil from different nation states and considers the  lifecycle impact of that fuel based on the nature of its  extraction and transport. Through this process the  well-to-tank lifecycle equivalent greenhouse gas emissions  index of Diesel Fuel Naval Distillate to F-76 specification  is calculated to be 12.2 gCO2e/MJ. The vast majority of  this number is produced by the extraction phase of the  fuel, whose data is spurious at best. The large reliant of  accurate data from nation states makes this a difficult  process to undertake with integrity. Nations and oil  extraction organisations are incentivised to under-estimate  or obfuscate their environmental impact of extraction,  leading to Green House Gas (GHG) indices whose accuracy is  questionable. The reliability of the index is reliant on  the measures of transparency present in the nations from  which the data is taken.},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.24868/10684},
      recid = {10684},
      address = {2022-09-23},
}